[74], Agreement was eventually reached and the Europeans sent a reconstruction plan to Washington, which was formulated and agreed upon by the Committee of European Economic Co-operation in 1947. [66], Congress, under the control of conservative Republicans, agreed to the program for multiple reasons. [7], Criticism of the Marshall Plan became prominent among historians of the revisionist school, such as Walter LaFeber, during the 1960s and 1970s. To log in and use all the features of Khan Academy, please enable JavaScript in your browser. Marshall Plan, formally European Recovery Program, (April 1948-December 1951), U.S.-sponsored program designed to rehabilitate the economies of 17 western and southern European countries in order to create stable conditions in which democratic institutions could survive. First, they used existing data to calculate how much a worker produces per hour of workthe average output rate. To finance the reconstruction of Europe, an American initiative called the Marshall Plan was instituted, and the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD)now known as the World Bankwas created. Roosevelt. The main years of autarky are not those that are usually considered, but 1947-1955, marked by the exclusion of Spain from the Marshall Plan and the Madrid Treaty between the Franco regime and the United States. Why was Spain excluded from the Marshall Plan? Which was more successful in combatting the spread of communism: economic aid or military force? INTRODUCTION 2. They argued that the plan was American economic imperialism and that it was an attempt to gain control over Western Europe just as the Soviets controlled Eastern Europe economically through the Comecon. But its real importance was simply to compensate for the US failure to institute controls on inflows of hot money from Europe. The speech, written at Marshall's request and guidance by Charles Bohlen[48] contained virtually no details and no numbers. Its worth noting, too, that the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), the secret service agency of the United States, received 5 percent of the funds allocated under the Marshall Plan. Francisco Franco became a general in 1926 and in 1934 became the commander of the Spanish army. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. Before proposing anything to Congress in 1947, the Truman administration made an elaborate effort to organize public opinion in favor of the Marshall Plan spending, reaching out to numerous national organizations representing business, labor, farmers, women, and other interest groups. Why was Spain excluded from the Marshall Plan? - Z Library Direct link to Anthony Natoli's post Emma Lazarus' great poem , Posted 7 years ago. Functional cookies help to perform certain functionalities like sharing the content of the website on social media platforms, collect feedbacks, and other third-party features. Marshall Plan ended in 1951, that's pretty lame plan to make countries dependent on you in just 3 years. However, the Cold War caused the US government to change its attitude towards Francoist Spain since its geographical situation and anticommunist government would be a valuable asset to the so-called "free world" plans. Most of them became capitalism at last, and either way they became really extreme like Nazi. This counterpart money, in turn, could be used by the government for further investment projects. Marshall Plan, formally European Recovery Program, (April 1948December 1951), U.S.-sponsored program designed to rehabilitate the economies of 17 western and southern European countries in order to create stable conditions in which democratic institutions could survive. The Technical Assistance Program allowed Europeans to bring home many types of American ideas. It was Crawford's thesis which provided the key to selling the Marshall Plan to Congress by laying out the idea of "strategic partnerships." 3. The Solid Democratic South was highly supportive, the upper Midwest was dubious, but heavily outnumbered. Any effort to extend it was halted by the growing cost of the Korean War and rearmament. The Marshall Plan, Pros and Cons | Harry S. Truman [88] The balance of payment problems the trouble the postwar government was caused less by economic decline and more by political overreach, according to Jim Tomlinson. A. Franco did not oppose communism or socialism. Are the Truman Doctrine and the containment policy the same thing. Taxes were also reduced and Germany prepared to remove economic barriers. If you look at socialist and communist nations such as Russia, Venezuela, China, North Korea and others, you will find that their economies are mostly terrible. This is why the Truman Doctrine and the Marshall Plan where so important at this time. . The BLS used these statistical technologies to create Factory Performance Reports for Western European nations. Famous for his iron political nerve, Franco believed that he was the one designated to save Spain from the chaos and instability caused by parliamentary democracy and political parties, which he blamed for ruining the unity of Spain. Marshall gave the address at Harvard University on June 5, 1947. Posted 7 years ago. The Marshall Plan (officially the European Recovery Program, ERP) was an American initiative enacted in 1948 to provide foreign aid to Western Europe. "[63]It argued that "the bosses of Wall Street" were "tak[ing] the place of Germany, Japan, and Italy". [104] Since Germany chose to repay the aid debt out of the German Federal budget, leaving the German ERP fund intact, the fund was able to continue its reconstruction work.
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